Maina, Craft, & Mor (2015) have noted that there are gaps and overlaps in both the ID and LD literature. Each body of research is relatively siloed, and cross-publication is rare. There are useful models, methods and research findings in both fields. In this section, I will set out an approach to designing learning which integrates what I think are the most useful aspects of the essential Instructional Design and Learning Design models, frameworks and processes.